What is an oil seal
2025-02-21
Oil seals, also known as fluid seals, grease seals, dirt seals, shaft seals or lip seals, help seal gaps between static and moving parts in mechanical equipment. Oil seals used in rotating applications are called rotary seals.
These seals are commonly used in pumps, electric and hydraulic motors, gearboxes, and dust wipers in hydraulic cylinders. They help protect shafts and bearings from dust and harmful contaminants from entering the interior of the application in which they are installed, and prevent lubricant leakage.
How are oil seals made?
Generally speaking, oil seals consist of an outer circular metal component and a bonded inner flexible material (usually nitrile rubber) for the actual seal.
The sealing effect is achieved by manufacturing the inner diameter smaller than the required shaft size, which preloads the sealing lip. An annular spring is usually used to ensure a constant force on the shaft.
Nitrile rubber provides good durability under general use, while the flexibility of the spring behind the sealing lip keeps the oil seal firmly fixed to the moving part.
How to Choose the Right Oil Seal
There are several key factors to consider when choosing the right oil seal to better protect your application.
1. Pressure: Many oil seals are used in high-pressure applications, so it is important to understand the operating pressure of the component.
2. Temperature: Like pressure, it is important to select the correct seal that can withstand extremely hot or cold temperatures, depending on the operating environment of the application.
3. Fluid type: Oil seals interact with oil, fuel, grease, water, etc. Selecting a seal material that is most compatible with the selected media can help improve the durability of the seal and its internal components.
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